Energy Access Crisis: Barriers and Solutions

A recent study by the Equal Opportunities Commission has unveiled critical challenges surrounding electricity access in Uganda, underscoring significant disparities that impede the country’s development and the well-being of its citizens.

One of the primary barriers is the prohibitive cost of connecting households to the national grid, which often exceeds Shs 2.5 million.

This expense renders electricity access unattainable for many, particularly in rural areas. In addition, the high cost of electricity—up to Shs 1,000 per unit—further restricts usage for vulnerable and marginalized communities.

Approximately 65% of respondents in the study cited the unaffordability of electricity as a major concern.

Rural areas like Karamoja, Acholi, West Nile, Lango, Elgon, and Teso are particularly disadvantaged, with minimal grid access.

Residents in these regions are forced to rely on inefficient and harmful energy sources, such as kerosene, charcoal, and wood fuel, exacerbating environmental and health risks.

The lack of electricity in critical public facilities, including health centres and schools in remote areas, further hampers development. Without reliable power, service delivery is severely constrained, undermining efforts to improve education and healthcare for rural communities.

To tackle these challenges, several recommendations have been proposed:

• Review Electricity Pricing: The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) should revise tariffs for domestic consumers, particularly those in rural areas, to make electricity more affordable.
• Electrify Public Facilities: The government should prioritize the electrification of essential facilities, such as health centres and schools, in off-grid regions to enhance service delivery.
• Extend the National Grid: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development must focus on expanding the national electricity grid to reach more rural sub-county headquarters, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.
• Promote Renewable Energy: Adoption of renewable energy technologies, such as solar power, should be encouraged in remote and off-grid areas, providing sustainable and clean energy solutions for households and businesses.

Implementing these measures could dramatically improve electricity access across Uganda, fostering economic development, reducing poverty, and enhancing the quality of life for all citizens.